Công tác đối ngoại của Trung quốc năm 2012
Nguồn: http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t911854.htm
The Fifth Session of the
Eleventh National People's Congress held a press conference in the
Great Hall of the People on 6 March 2012. Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi
answered questions from Chinese and foreign press on China's foreign
policy and external relations.
Foreign Minister Yang:
Good morning, friends from the press. It's a great pleasure to meet you
here. Premier Wen Jiabao has outlined China's foreign policy and
foreign relations in his Report on the Work of the Government. Now I'm ready to take your questions.
CCTV and CNTV:
Much has changed in the international situation over the past ten years,
and China's diplomacy has encountered many challenges and tests. How do
you see China's diplomatic work over the past ten years? Moreover, we
have seen confrontation and conflicts between some countries. Under such
circumstances, what do you think are the new challenges confronting
China's diplomacy and how do you see China's diplomacy this year?
Foreign Minister Yang:
I think it is very meaningful that we start today's questions and
answers from reviewing China's diplomatic work over the past ten years,
as a review of the past offers one insight into the future.
The past ten years have
been a decade when the world has undergone major development, major
changes and major adjustments. It has also been a decade when China's
diplomacy has forged ahead and made abundant results. Over the past ten
years, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu
Jintao as General Secretary, China's diplomacy has firmly served the
overall interests of China's development. We have properly handled
thorny issues and worked actively to open up new prospects for China's
diplomatic work. China's diplomacy has fostered a sound external
environment for China's economic and social development.
In my view, China's diplomatic work over the past ten years can be summed up as follows:
First, serve overall
interests. To safeguard China's sovereignty and security has always been
the overarching objective of all of China's diplomatic endeavors. Over
the past ten years, China's diplomacy actively served the domestic
economic and social development. We effectively protected the lawful
rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals and companies, and
defended China's sovereignty, security and development interests.
Second, pursue
cooperation. We enhanced friendly relations and cooperation with other
countries in the world and regional and international organizations. We
intensified exchanges with them in the political, economic and cultural
fields and through both bilateral and multilateral channels. We opened
up new dimensions for pursuing win-win cooperation.
Third, advance reform.
we actively participated in global governance and helped move the
international system and international architecture in a direction that
serves the interests of developing countries. We worked to raise the
representation and influence of China and developing countries as a
whole in international affairs.
Fourth, enhance China's
image. Through such platforms as overseas visits by Chinese leaders,
receiving visits to China by foreign leaders, the Beijing Olympic Games
and Shanghai World Expo, we engaged in dynamic public and cultural
diplomacy, endeavored to enhance the friendship between Chinese people
and people of other countries, and showed to the rest of the world a
China that is culturally-advanced, democratic, open and making
continuous progress.
Fifth, make contribution
to the world. We worked actively to uphold world peace and promote
common development. China has played a constructive role in helping
resolve regional and international hotspot issues, and China has become
an important engine driving world economic growth.
Our world today is
undergoing profound and complex changes. The trend of our time towards
peace, development and cooperation has gathered momentum. At the same
time, the underlying impact of the international financial crisis is
still with us. The world economic recovery lacks momentum, and global
challenges such as climate change and energy and food security are still
prominent. All these developments will exert major impact on the
international situation and China's diplomatic work in the time to come.
This year, we will
continue to advance our all-dimensional diplomacy at multiple tiers and
in a wide range of fields. We will continue to take into account both
the domestic and international situations, make continuous innovation in
our diplomatic practices and theories, and make active contribution to
the successful opening of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and full
implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan.
The priories of China's diplomatic work this year are as follows:
First, serve China's
domestic development. We will properly handle the external risks and
challenges, and create more favorable conditions for China's economic
and social development to serve the primary goal of shifting China's
growth model at a faster pace.
Second, uphold peace. We
will continue to firmly defend China's sovereignty and security, stand
for handling and resolving regional and international issues, in
particular, those hotspot ones through dialogue, consultation and
negotiation, and play a responsible role as a big country.
Third, promote
cooperation. We will enhance our friendly relations and cooperation with
other countries and regional and international organizations. We will
work with them to deepen common interests, meet global challenges and
safeguard world peace and promote common development.
 RIA
Novosti: Minister Yang, how do you comment on the recently held
presidential election in Russia? What considerations does the Chinese
side have for the further development of the China-Russia strategic
partnership of coordination? This year, China will be the rotating
president of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and play host to the
2012 SCO summit. Can you tell us some of China's considerations about
the summit? And what expectations does the Chinese side have for the
future development of the SCO?
Foreign Minister Yang:
We have noted that the presidential election of Russia was smoothly
held on March 4th. President Hu Jintao has sent a message of
congratulations to newly elected President Putin. We wish the people of
the Russian Federation even greater achievements in their cause of
national prosperity and revitalization.
The Chinese government
is prepared to work closely with the Russian side to deepen the
comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination between the two
countries and enhance practical cooperation between the two sides in all
fields.
As far as the
China-Russia relationship this year is concerned, it can be summed up as
"one central task" and "five priorities". The one central task is to
fully implement the plan for the development of China-Russia relations
in the next ten years. The five priorities are: First, ensure the
success of high-level contacts and mutual visits this year. Second,
increase mutual political support. Third, intensify practical
cooperation between the two countries in such fields as economy and
trade, energy, science and technology, infrastructure as well as at the
local level. Fourth, step up cultural and people-to-people exchanges. In
particular, we need to work together to ensure the success of the Year
of Russian Tourism in China. And fifth, enhance cooperation in regional
and international affairs. We are confident that with the joint efforts
of the two countries, the comprehensive strategic partnership of
coordination will achieve even greater results.
This year is the year of
good-neighborly relations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It
is also the first year for the development of the SCO in its second
decade. China will play host to the SCO summit this year. The theme of
the summit this year is to deepen good-neighborly relations and plan the
future of the SCO. There are three main items on the agenda of the
summit. The first is to discuss measures for enhancing friendly
relations and cooperation under the SCO framework, and formulate a
strategy on the development of the organization in the next ten years.
Second, plan the next stage of practical cooperation of the SCO, in
particular the establishment of institutional safeguards for the
financing of multilateral cooperation. Third, there will be an exchange
of views on regional and international situations, with a focus on
improving the SCO measures in coping with situations that pose threats
to regional peace, stability and security. We believe that the SCO
summit this year will help build on past progress and open up new
prospects for the future development of the organization.
With respect to the
future of the SCO, I believe all the parties concerned will make better
use of the advantage of geographical proximity and work together to
enhance cooperation for regional security and stability and strengthen
regional connectivity and people-to-people exchanges so as to bring more
benefits to their people.
 Wall
Street Journal: Minister Yang, does China regard the recent US
strategic shift towards Asia as a threat? And if so, what
countermeasures does China plan against that threat? More broadly, given
the range of tensions now between China and the US over Iran, Syria and
many other issues, what steps should the two countries be taking to
establish more trust?
Foreign Minister Yang: I believe it is necessary that we first look at the big picture of China-US ties.
This year marks the 40th
anniversary of the issuance of China-US Shanghai Communiqué. Over the
past 40 years, China-US relations have forged ahead in spite of some
twists and turns, and the door of exchange and cooperation between the
two countries has become more wide open. The engagement between China
and the United States has shown that a peaceful China-US relationship
benefits both countries, while a confrontational one harms both. To
sustain the sound and steady development of China-US relationship is the
common responsibility of the two countries. It also meets the
fundamental interest of the international community. There are some
differences and disagreements between China and the United States. But
on the whole this relationship has been moving forward, not backward.
Last year, President Hu
Jintao paid a successful state visit to the United States. During the
visit, he and President Obama reached important agreement that the two
countries will work together to build a China-US cooperative partnership
based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. Since then, President Hu
Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao have had several important meetings with
President Obama. Last month, Vice President Xi Jinping paid a successful
visit to the US. That has given a strong boost to the building of
China-US cooperative partnership.
In handling China-US
relations, we always believe that the two sides should view and handle
this bilateral relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective.
They should always work closely together to build a China-US cooperative
partnership. We believe the two sides should always adhere to the
principles set out in the three Sino-US Joint Communiqués and China-US
Joint Statement, and truly respect each other's core interests and major
concerns. In particular, the US side needs to honor its commitment and
carefully and properly handle Taiwan and Tibet-related issues that
concern China's core interests. I believe the two countries should
continue to intensify exchanges and coordination through such platforms
as high-level mutual visits and contacts and the China-US Strategic and
Economic Dialogues. The two countries should work together to increase
mutual strategic trust, remove various disturbances and open up new
prospects for such two big countries as China and the US to embrace
healthy interaction and win-win cooperation.
China and the United
States have more converging interests in the Asia-Pacific region than
anywhere else in the world. What is the trend in this part of the world?
In my view, the trend of peace, development and cooperation is going
strong in this region. It meets people's will and it is unstoppable. We
believe all countries in the world, big or small, strong or weak, rich
or poor, are equal members of the international community. All roads
from China lead to the Asia-Pacific and the whole world. China is ready
to work with other countries to build a more equal and harmonious world.
We hope that all countries concerned will work together for peace,
stability, development and prosperity of this region. We hope to see and
welcome a constructive role by the United States in this region. At the
same time, we hope the US side will respect China's interests and
concerns. We are ready to work with the United States and other
countries in this region to develop an Asia-Pacific region that enjoys
greater stability and development.
China and the United
States have stayed in close communication on the issue of Syria and the
issue of Iran. Peace, stability and development in the Middle East
region serves the fundamental interests of both people in that region
and the international community. This is the overarching purpose and end
goal in our dealing with relevant issues in the Middle East.
You mentioned Syria and
Iran. Let me now say a few words about Iran. On the Iranian nuclear
issue, we are opposed to the development and possession of nuclear
weapons by any country in the Middle East, including Iran. At the same
time, we believe that all countries, while fulfilling their obligations,
have the right to peaceful use of nuclear energy. We believe that this
issue should be properly handled and resolved though dialogue not
confrontation, through cooperation not sanctions. We are opposed to
imposing unilateral sanctions. And we believe that the majority of
countries in the world take such a position. At the same time, we place
high importance on the mechanism of consultation and negotiation between
the P5 plus one and Iran. China and the United States are among the P5
plus one countries. Under the framework of this mechanism, China has
stayed in close communication and coordination with the United States,
Russia, the EU, and other members concerned. We hope to see early
holding of the next round of dialogue under this mechanism so as to push
forward the process of seeking a proper settlement of the Iranian
nuclear issue.
China National
Radio: We have noted that since the end of last year, there have been
close mutual visits and interactions between China and its neighbors at
the leadership level. Yet some people take the view that the disputes
between China and some of its neighboring countries over territorial
sovereignty and maritime rights and interests have heated up. And some
countries are increasingly worried about China's national strength and
its diplomatic posturing. How do you evaluate China's relations with its
neighbors and how will China handle and resolve the disputes it has
with some of its neighbors?
Foreign Minister Yang:
I believe one should view China's relationship with its neighboring
countries in the broader context of the general trend of development. I
believe now the general trend is a positive one. China pursues a policy
of building good-neighborly relationships and partnerships with
countries in its neighborhood. We are committed to deepening the
mutually beneficial cooperation with other Asian countries. Relations
between China and other Asian countries are in good shape, and there are
a lot of positive factors.
First, there have been
close high-level exchanges. Last year, there were high level mutual
visits between China and the majority of other Asian countries. Take
ASEAN countries as an example. There were over 50 high-level mutual
visits between the Chinese side and the ASEAN countries. High-level
exchanges have played an irreplaceable role in guiding the efforts of
China and other Asian countries in increasing mutual understanding and
friendship.
Second, the interests of
China and other Asian countries have become more closely entwined. Just
now you said that some countries are worried about China's rising
national strength. But I am afraid their worry is that what if China's
development becomes too slow. I have visited some Asian countries
recently. I feel that the Asian countries want to see the sustained,
positive momentum of the Chinese economy. And they hope that China will
enjoy continuous development as that will bring abundant benefits to
people of the two sides in terms of business cooperation and mutually
beneficial cooperation in other fields. When there are so many benefits,
why not do it?
This world is far from a
balanced one. Some have megaphones, some only small microphones and
some none. Yet I always believe that the real figures speaker louder
than microphones. China has become the biggest trading partner of the
majority of its neighbors. Last year, trade between China and other
Asian countries topped US$1 trillion. China's investment in the Asian
region approached US$20 billion. Cooperation between China and other
Asian countries in science and technology, finance, energy and
infrastructure has been unprecedented in terms of both breadth and
depth.
Third, mutual
coordination has increased. China and other Asian countries have helped
each other and worked closely together in handling major regional and
international issues, pushing forward regional cooperation and tackling
the international financial crisis and major natural disasters.
Forth, there have been
dynamic cultural and people-to-people exchanges. Last year, China and
many other Asian countries held such cultural and people-to-people
exchange activities as Year of Friendship and youth festival. These
activities have witnessed the deep friendship between the Chinese people
and people of other Asian countries.
It is true that there
are some differences and disagreements between China and some of its
neighboring countries over some issues. China believes that these
disputes should be peacefully handled and resolved through dialogue and
consultation. At the same time, we hope that the relevant parties will
respect China's legitimate rights and interests, avoid making remarks or
taking moves that may complicate the situation and work with China for
stability, development and progress in the Asian region. We believe that
progress has already been made in handling these differences between
China and the relevant Asian countries. And the two sides have reached
important consensus on seeking peaceful settlement of related disputes
and pushing forward mutually beneficial cooperation.
Let me say a few words
about the South China Sea issue here. China always believes that the
disputes in the South China Sea should be properly resolved through
negotiations between the parties to the disputes on the basis of facts
and in accordance with the basic norms governing international
relations. Pending final settlement of the disputes, the parties
concerned may put aside their disputes and engage in joint development.
China and the relevant countries have reached important agreement on
peacefully resolving disputes and pushing forward practical cooperation
in the South China Sea. At the same time, much remains to be done in
this regard. China and ASEAN countries have reached agreement on the
guidelines on the implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of
Parties in the South China Sea. In a word, we believe that China and
relevant countries have the ability and wisdom to properly handle the
South China Sea issue and maintain peace and stability in the South
China Sea.
Xinhua News
Agency: Minister Yang, just now you reviewed China's diplomacy in the
past ten years. My question is a forward-looking one. What major changes
do you think will take place in our world in the next ten years and
what role will China play?
Foreign Minister Yang:
The next ten years will be a very important decade for China's peaceful
development. We will mark the centenary of the founding of the
Communist Party of China. We will meet our objective of building a
moderately prosperous society in all respects. At the same time, I want
to point out that to judge the overall economic strength of a country,
one should look at not just one particular indicator but a whole system
of indicators, not just one aggregate number but several structural
numbers. China will remain a developing country, and there is still a
long way to go before China can achieve modernization. We have full
confidence that we will meet our goal. We also have an objective
judgment of the situation and our road ahead. China will neither
belittle itself nor seek to lecture others.
I believe the next ten
years will be a decade when fast changes will take place in the
international architecture and major trends will develop rapidly in the
world. It will also be a decade when all the parties engage in close
interactions and pursue stability and improved governance in the midst
of changes. The following major trends deserve particular attention:
First, the momentum of
pursuing development will gather steam. All parties will pay closer
attention to shifting their growth models at a faster pace and they will
endeavor to develop and enhance their new advantages as they
participate in international economic cooperation and competition in an
age of economic globalization.
Second, the trend
towards a multi-polar world will become clearer. The overall strength of
developing countries will be on the rise and there will be greater
balance in the distribution of international power.
Third, the competition
and cooperation surrounding reform of the international system will get
stronger. The parties will seek to exert bigger influence on the
adjustment and shift of the international rules and international order.
And reform of international governance and the current international
system will move ahead steadily.
Fourth, regional and
international hotspot issues and global challenges will become more
prominent. Some hotspot issues will continue to heat up. Such global
challenges as climate change, energy, resource and food security and
terrorism will persist. And countries will become more interdependent
with their interests more closely entwined. I believe under such
circumstances the idea of sticking together in tough times to tide over
the difficulties will gain stronger popular support.
In the next ten years,
the favorable and unfavorable factors in the external environment of
China are interwoven. Risks and difficulties, favorable conditions and
positive trends are the two sides of a coin. There are both
opportunities and challenges. And on the whole, we believe that for
China, opportunities outweigh challenges and the country is still at an
important stage of strategic opportunities for development.
China will remain
committed to the independent foreign policy of peace, the path of
peaceful development and a win-win strategy of opening-up. We will
continue to work with other countries to build a harmonious world of
enduring peace and common prosperity. We believe that all countries
should embrace win-win cooperation. This means that while pursuing one's
own interests, one also needs to take into account the interests of
other countries; while enjoying one's rights, one should also fulfill
its responsibilities. Countries need to accommodate each other and work
together to uphold justice and expand common interests. We believe that
all countries should work together to make the international order more
just and equitable and to usher in a better future for the world.
 PTI:
I would like to ask you about the impact of the rapid development of
emerging economies and many developing countries on the global arena. I
think this question is relevant because the BRICS summit is coming up
this month and I would like to know what exactly is coming upon the
agenda and focus of the BRICS summit and how China views it. You just
concluded a visit to India, had extensive discussions with the Indian
leadership, and signed interesting agreements on maritime cooperation.
I'd like you to give us a broader picture of where India-China
relationship stands today and with regard to various differences that
the two countries have on a number of issues.
Foreign Minister Yang:
The rapid development of a large number of emerging market economies
and developing countries in today's world is very conducive to making
our international order more just and equitable. Last year, the third
BRICS Leaders Meeting was successfully held in Sanya, Hainan of China
and I believe the upcoming fourth BRICS summit will be crowned with
success.
China hopes that the
upcoming BRICS summit will achieve important results in three areas.
First, boost growth. We hope that the summit will help enhance people's
confidence in world economic growth and add new impetus to world
economic recovery. Second, promote stability. We hope that the summit
will bring out the active and constructive role of BRICS countries in
international affairs and promote the relaxation and stability of
regional situation. Third, enhance cooperation. We hope that the summit
will help push forward the practical cooperation among the BRICS
countries in economy, finance and other fields, and bring real benefits
to people of the BRICS countries and people of the world.
Not long ago, I visited
India. The purpose of my visit is to make preparations for the
attendance of the fourth BRICS summit by the Chinese leader and to push
forward China-India relations. I feel that both China and India want to
see continuous, sound and steady growth of their bilateral relationship
and they want to enhance exchange, increase mutual trust and expand
cooperation. I had a thorough exchange of views and a meeting of minds
with my Indian counterpart, the foreign minister, on a series of
aspects, including maintaining the momentum of high-level exchanges
between the two countries, advancing China-India practical cooperation
in all fields and intensifying personnel interflow and cultural
exchanges between the two sides. We believe that we need to do all
specific work well in implementing the important agreement reached at
the leadership level, including conducting consultations between the two
sides on maritime security and working together to ensure peace and
tranquility in the China-India border areas.
Nihon Keizai
Shimbun: This year marks the 40th anniversary of the normalization of
diplomatic ties between China and Japan. How do you comment on the
current China-Japan relationship? What considerations does China have
for the further development of China-Japan relations? Given the fact
that there are some sensitive issues between the two countries, how do
you think to increase the strategic mutual trust between the two
countries and improve the national sentiments between people of the two
countries? Moreover, this year China is the coordinator of the
cooperation among China, Japan and the ROK. How does China comment on
the trilateral cooperation?
Foreign Minister Yang:
Over the past 40 years since China and Japan normalized their
diplomatic relations, China-Japan relationship has come a long way in a
wide range of fields. The Chinese government places high importance on
its relationship with Japan. We believe that the two sides need to
continue to enhance mutual political trust in line with the principles
enshrined in the four political documents between China and Japan,
expand practical cooperation in all fields, improve national sentiments
between people of the two countries and push forward the development of
China-Japan strategic relationship of mutual benefit.
With respect to the
sensitive issues between China and Japan, such as the history issue and
the issue of Diaoyu Islands, we hope the Japanese side will fully
recognize the complexity and sensitivity of these issues. These issues
concern the political foundation and overall interests of China-Japan
relations. The Japanese side should truly take history as a mirror and
look forward to the future, and properly handle these sensitive issues
in keeping with the overall interests of its relationship with China.
I also believe it is
necessary for us to talk about how to increase the mutual strategic
trust and improve the national sentiments between people of the two
sides. To enhance mutual strategic trust between China and Japan, I
believe it is crucial that both sides view each other's development from
the right, objective and strategic perspective, and truly see each
other as an opportunity and partner for development. During President Hu
Jintao's visit to Japan in 2008, the two sides issued the fourth
political document between China and Japan and reached the important
political agreement that the two countries are each other's cooperation
partner, they don't pose a threat to each other and that they will
support each other's peaceful development. I believe if such political
agreement can be truly implemented in our exchanges, the mutual trust
between the two countries will deepen. I believe to improve the national
sentiments between people of the two countries involves efforts in a
wide range of fields. It requires that both sides take a long term
perspective and intensify exchanges at various levels, in particular the
exchanges between young people of the two countries, so that more
people of the two countries are engaged in the cause of friendship.
This year, China is the
coordinator of the China-Japan-ROK cooperation mechanism. Premier Wen
Jiabao will hold, with leaders from Japan and the ROK, the fifth
trilateral leaders' meeting in China. We want to work with Japan and the
ROK to deepen practical cooperation, promote cultural and
people-to-people exchanges and exchange views on regional and
international issues. We believe the parties should enhance the building
of the China-Japan-ROK FTA and work together to push forward their
future-oriented, all-dimensional partnership for cooperation.
 China
News Service: Minister Yang, how do you see the current situation on
the Korean Peninsula? We have seen that the relevant parties have had
some contact and interaction since last year surrounding the restart of
the Six-Party Talks. How you look at the prospects of the resumption of
the Six-Party Talks? The second Nuclear Security Summit will soon be
held in Seoul. What expectations does the Chinese side have?
Foreign Minister Yang:
It serves the common interests of all parties concerned and meets the
aspiration of the international community to uphold peace and security
on the Korean Peninsula, achieve the denuclearization of the Korean
Peninsula and normalization of relations between relevant countries, and
build a peace and security mechanism for Northeast Asia. The Six-Party
Talks has become an effective mechanism and important platform for
discussing and resolving the above-mentioned issues.
Over the past weeks and
months, various parties have engaged in positive interactions and
contacts. As the chair of the Six-Party Talks, China has stayed in close
touch with other relevant parties. We have always encouraged dialogue
in pursuit of peaceful settlement of relavant issues and our work has
achieved some important results. At the same time, we welcome dialogue
and contact between the relevant parties. For example, not long ago,
there was dialogue between the DPRK and the United States and positive
progress has been made. We welcome that. We hope all the parties
concerned will pool their wisdom, remove disturbances and work together
to play a constructive role in advancing the Six-Party process and
achieving the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and lasting peace
and stability in Northeast Asia.
The second Nuclear
Security Summit will be held in Seoul late this month. The Chinese
leader will attend the summit. During the summit, there will be
discussions on enhancing the security of nuclear materials and nuclear
facilities and guarding against nuclear terrorism. I also believe that
with the joint efforts of all the participants, the summit will also set
out new, concrete measures related to nuclear security. That can help
further build up international consensus on nuclear security and inject
new dynamism into related international effort.
 Phoenix
TV: My question is about the situation in Syria. China has always stood
for a peaceful and political settlement of the Syrian issue, but the
situation in Syria now is not an optimistic one. How does China see the
future development of this issue and will China's position and views on
this issue in any way affect its relationship with the Arab countries?
Foreign Minister Yang:
It is true that major changes are taking place in the Middle East
region. We firmly believe that people in the Middle East know best the
situation there, issues in the Middle East region should be resolved by
the people of the Middle East, and the future and destiny of the region
should be determined by the people there.
Over the years, China
has been a firm supporter of the just cause of the Arab countries and
their people. The two sides have forged a deep friendship, and there are
no historical grievances between the two sides. What the two sides have
is expanding common interests and the consensus of working together to
uphold peace and promote development.
Even the ten fingers can
not be of the same length. It is true that China and some Arab
countries may sometimes differ in specific ways of action, but the two
sides have the same overall objective of promoting stability,
development and prosperity in the Middle East region. Cooperation
between China and Arab countries is comprehensive and strategic, and the
friendship and cooperation between the two sides can stand the test of
changing international circumstances.
On the issue of Syria,
as you know, not long ago,a leading official of the Chinese Foreign
Ministry made a statement on this issue. He set out China's six-point
proposition and proposal on handling and resolving the issue of Syria.
Chinese leaders have made clear China's views on this issue on several
occasions. Chinese Foreign Ministry officials are also in contact with
the relevant parties. I myself have talked on the phone or face-to-face
with the relevant parties. The fact is that the international community
has paid very high attention to the position, proposition and initiative
of the Chinese side on this issue, in particular the recent statement
made by the leading official of the Chinese Foreign Ministry. And our
position and view on this issue have received increasing understanding
and support.
 La
Agencia EFE, S.A.: Has the Euro a future? Does the euro zone crisis
offer a good opportunity of investment? Or should instead China spend
their money in its internal development?And finally Minister, how do you
evaluate the relations between China and European countries?
Foreign Minister Yang:
Not long ago, the China-EU Summit was held and important progress was
made at the summit. In my view, China-EU relationship has bright
prospects. We believe that although the euro zone has encountered some
difficulties, the European Union and the European countries have the
ability and wisdom to overcome the current difficulties, resolve their
debt issue and make new progress along the course of development. We
always have confidence in the EU and the euro zone, and we have
supported the EU's efforts in stabilizing the financial situation
through our own ways. We will continue to make investment in Europe and
the euro to achieve mutual benefit.
People's Daily:
In recent years, the relationship between China and African countries
has received wide international attention. How do you evaluate the
current China-Africa relationship and cooperation? Some people say that
China's influence in Africa is increasing. What role has China been
playing in African affairs?
Foreign Minister Yang:
We feel privileged and we are seized by a strong sense of
responsibility that the African people have chosen China as their
partner for sincere cooperation. China is a developing country, and
China wants to work with African countries to build a bright future.
Some say that China's
influence in Africa is on the rise. I think we should say that the
consensus of the international community that African countries face
enormous opportunities for development is on the rise.
I believe the
international community should actively support Africa's peace and
development cause, actively support African countries in seeking
self-enhancement through unity and independently resolving African
issues, actively support African countries in strengthening their own
capability for development, and actively support African countries in
safeguarding their own rights and interests and playing a bigger role in
international affairs.
The press conference
lasted an hour and 45 minutes. More than 500 journalists from home and
abroad attended the press conference.
Một số nội dung
trong bài trả lời phỏng vấn báo chí của Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Trung Quốc
Dương Khiết Trì về chính sách và quan hệ đối ngoại của Trung Quốc, bên
lề Kỳ họp thứ 5 Quốc hội Trung Quốc khoá 11 hôm 6/3.
(1) Quan hệ với láng giềng: giải quyết tranh chấp bằng đàm phán
Phóng viên Đài Tiếng nói Trung ương Trung Quốc: Ông đánh giá thế nào về quan hệ Trung Quốc với các nước láng giềng?
Dương Khiết Trì:
Nhìn vào quan hệ giữa Trung Quốc với các nước láng giềng, tôi cho rằng
chúng ta cần phải nhìn vào xu thế phát triển, xu thế căn bản của quan hệ
này hiện nay là tốt. Thế giới này là một thế giới rất không cân bằng,
có người thì giữ chiếc micro lớn, có người chỉ có chiếc micro nhỏ, có
người lại không có micro, nhưng tôi luôn cho rằng những con số quan
trọng hơn là chiếc micro. Trung Quốc đã trở thành đối tác thương mại lớn
nhất của hầu hết các nước láng giềng, tổng kim ngạch thương mại năm
2011 của Trung Quốc với các nước Châu Á đã đạt trên 1.000 tỷ USD, tổng
đầu tư của Trung Quốc tại khu vực Châu Á đạt gần 20 tỷ USD. Đối với
những mâu thuẫn và bất đồng giữa Trung Quốc với một số nước láng giềng,
Trung Quốc sẵn sàng giải quyết một cách hòa bình thông qua đối thoại và
hiệp thương. Ở đây tôi muốn đặc biệt nhấn mạnh vấn đề Biển Đông, Trung
Quốc nhất quán chủ trương lấy sự thực làm cơ sở. Dựa trên các chuẩn mực
cơ bản của quan hệ quốc tế, các nước trực tiếp liên quan sẽ giải quyết
thỏa đáng tranh chấp Biển Đông thông qua đàm phán hữu nghị. Trước khi
tranh chấp được giải quyết, có thể thực hiện “gác tranh chấp, cùng khai
thác”; Trung Quốc và các nước liên quan đã đạt được một loạt nhận thức
chung quan trọng về giải quyết hòa bình tranh chấp và thúc đẩy hợp tác
thiết thực tại Biển Đông, tuy nhiên cũng còn rất nhiều việc phải làm.
(2) Quan hệ Trung – Mỹ: Khu vực Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương là nơi tập trung giao thoa lợi ích
Phóng
viên Nhật báo Phố Wall: Có phải Trung Quốc xem việc Mỹ chuyển hướng
trọng tâm chiến lược vào Châu Á là một mối đe dọa đối với Trung Quốc?
Nếu đúng như vậy thì Trung Quốc sẽ dùng biện pháp gì để chống lại sự đe
dọa này? Ngoài ra, với những căng thẳng trong một loạt vấn đề như Iran,
Syria và nhiều vấn đề khác, Trung - Mỹ cần có biện pháp gì để làm sâu
sắc tin cậy?
Dương Khiết Trì:
Tôi cho rằng mặc dù giữa Trung Quốc và Mỹ tồn tại nhiều mâu thuẫn và
bất đồng, nhưng xu thế phát triển về tổng thể vẫn là tiến lên chứ không
thụt lùi. Khi xử lý quan hệ Trung - Mỹ, chúng tôi luôn cho rằng cần phải
kiên trì tầm cao chiến lược và tầm nhìn xa trông rộng để xử lý quan hệ
song phương; cần nắm chắc phương hướng lớn quan hệ đối tác hợp tác giữa
hai nước. Hai bên cần trước sau như một kiên trì các nguyên tắc đã nêu
trong 03 thông cáo chung Trung – Mỹ và Tuyên bố chung Trung – Mỹ; hết
sức tôn trọng lợi ích cốt lõi và những quan ngại lớn của bên kia. Phía
Mỹ đặc biệt cần giữ đúng cam kết, xử lý thận trọng và thỏa đáng những
vấn đề liên quan đến lợi ích cốt lõi của Trung Quốc như Đài Loan, Tây
Tạng v.v.. Tôi cho rằng hai bên cần tiếp tục làm sâu sắc sự trao đổi và
điều phối, thông qua các hoạt động trao đổi đoàn cấp cao, các kênh tiếp
xúc như đối thoại kinh tế và chiến lược…, tăng cường tin cậy chiến lược,
xây dựng cục diện quan hệ nước lớn tốt đẹp, hợp tác cùng thắng.
Khu
vực Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương là nơi tập trung giao thoa lợi ích của
Trung Quốc và Mỹ. Tình hình và xu thế tổng thể của khu vực này hiện nay
theo tôi là “mong muốn hòa bình, tìm kiếm phát triển, thúc đẩy hợp tác”.
Trong cộng đồng quốc tế, Trung Quốc với các quốc gia khác, bất luận là
nước lớn hay nước nhỏ, nước mạnh hay nước yếu, nước giàu hay nước nghèo,
cũng đều là một thành viên bình đẳng. Mọi con đường của Trung Quốc đều
hướng về Châu Thái Bình Dương, đều hướng ra thế giới.Tôi cho rằng các
bên liên quan đều cần ra sức nỗ lực cho hòa bình, ổn định và phát triển
phồn vinh ở khu vực Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương. Trung Quốc hy vọng và hoan
nghênh Mỹ phát huy vai trò mang tính xây dựng ở khu vực này. Đương
nhiên, cũng hy vọng Mỹ tôn trọng những lợi ích và quan ngại của Trung
Quốc.Trong vấn đề Syria và Iran, Trung - Mỹ đang duy trì sự liên lạc
thông suốt và chặt chẽ. Tóm lại, khu vực Trung Đông hòa bình, ổn định và
phát triển không chỉ phù hợp với lợi ích căn bản của người dân khu vực
Trung Đông, mà đồng thời cũng phù hợp với lợi ích căn bản của cộng đồng
quốc tế.
(3) Quan hệ Trung – Nga: tăng cường toàn diện hợp tác thiết thực
Phóng
viên: Ông có bình luận gì về cuộc bầu cử Tổng thống vừa diễn ra tại
Nga? Trung Quốc có cân nhắc thế nào về quan hệ đối tác hiệp tác chiến
lược Trung - Nga trong thời gian tới?
Dương Khiết Trì:
Chúng tôi được biết, cuộc bầu cử Tổng thống tại Nga đã diễn ra thuận
lợi vào ngày 04/3 vừa qua. Chủ tịch Hồ Cẩm Đào đã có điện chúc mừng tân
Tổng thống đắc cử Putin. Chính phủ Trung Quốc sẽ kiên trì cùng với phía
Nga thúc đẩy quan hệ đối tác hiệp tác chiến lược Trung - Nga, tăng cường
toàn diện hợp tác thiết thực giữa hai nước. Quan hệ Trung – Nga năm nay
có thể khái quát bằng “01 trung tâm, 05 trọng điểm”.“Một trung tâm” là
quán triệt thực hiện toàn diện quy hoạch 10 năm phát triển quan hệ Trung
– Nga; “05 trọng điểm” là: (i) làm tốt các chuyến thăm và tiếp xúc cấp
cao trong năm nay; (ii) mở rộng sự ủng hộ lẫn nhau về chính trị; (iii)
tăng cường thêm một bước hợp tác cùng có lợi trên các mặt kinh tế mậu
dịch, tài nguyên năng lượng, khoa học kỹ thuật, cơ sở hạ tầng; (iv) tăng
cường giao lưu nhân văn, đặc biệt là cần tổ chức tốt “Năm du lịch nước
Nga 2012”; (v) thắt chặt hợp tác giữa hai nước trong các công tác khu
vực và quốc tế.
(4) Quan hệ Trung – Nhật: tăng cường tình cảm nhân dân
Phóng
viên báo Yomiuri Shimbun: Giữa Nhật Bản và Trung Quốc có một số vấn đề
nhạy cảm. Trong tình hình đó, ông cho rằng cần làm gì để mở rộng tin cậy
chiến lược Trung – Nhật, cải thiện tình cảm nhân dân hai nước?
Dương Khiết Trì: Chúng
tôi hy vọng phía Nhật Bản sẽ hết sức nhận thức được tính chất phức tạp
và nhạy cảm của những vấn đề tồn tại trong quan hệ Trung - Nhật, như vấn
đề lịch sử và đảo Điếu Ngư. Những vấn đề này có liên quan đến nền tảng
chính trị và đại cục quan hệ hai nước. Tôi cho rằng phía Nhật Bản cần
thực sự lấy lịch sử làm gương, hướng tới tương lai, thiết thực lấy đại
cục quan hệ hai nước làm xuất phát điểm, xử lý tốt những vấn đề nhạy cảm
trong quan hệ hai nước. Tôi cũng thực sự cho rằng cần phải bàn đến việc
làm thế nào để nâng cao tin cậy chiến lược và cải thiện tình cảm giữa
nhân dân hai nước. Mấu chốt của việc nâng cao tin cậy Trung – Nhật là
cần nhìn nhận khách quan và đúng đắn trên phương diện chiến lược về sự
phát triển của bên kia, thực sự coi sự phát triển của bên kia là cơ hội,
coi bên kia là đối tác phát triển. Năm 2008, khi Chủ tịch Hồ Cẩm Đào
thăm Nhật Bản, lãnh đạo cấp cao hai nước đã tuyên bố văn kiện chính trị
Trung – Nhật thứ tư; đã đạt được nhận thức chung quan trọng về việc hai
nước “là đối tác hợp tác của nhau, không tạo thành mối đe dọa lẫn nhau”,
“ủng hộ sự phát triển hòa bình của bên kia”… Biến những nhận thức chung
này thành hành động cụ thể sẽ giúp sự tin cậy giữa hai bên không ngừng
đi vào chiều sâu. Tôi cho rằng tăng cường tình cảm giữa nhân dân hai
nước là một công trình mang tính hệ thống, cả hai bên đều cần phải có
tầm nhìn xa trông rộng, làm việc nhiều tầng nấc, đặc biệt là cần làm tốt
công tác giao lưu thanh niên, làm cho ngày càng nhiều người tham gia
vào sự nghiệp hữu nghị giữa hai nước.
(5) Quan hệ Trung Quốc – EU: Trung Quốc sẵn sàng tiếp tục đầu tư vào Châu Âu
Phóng
viên thông tấn xã Tây Ban Nha (EFE): Theo ông đồng Euro liệu còn có
tương lai hay không? Nỗ lực giải quyết vấn đề nợ công Châu Âu liệu có
mang lại cho Trung Quốc cơ hội đầu tư hay không? Ngoại trưởng đánh giá
thế nào về quan hệ Trung Quốc – EU hiện nay?
Dương Khiết Trì: Lãnh
đạo Trung Quốc và Châu Âu mới đây đã có cuộc gặp gỡ và đã đạt được kết
quả quan trọng, Tôi cho rằng tương lai phát triển của quan hệ Trung Quốc
– EU là hết sức tươi sáng. Đồng tiền chung Châu Âu mặc dù đã trải qua
không ít khó khăn, nhưng chúng tôi tin tưởng rằng Châu Âu và đồng Euro
có đủ năng lực và trí tuệ để vượt qua khó khăn tạm thời, giải quyết tốt
vấn đề nợ công, đón nhận tương lai phát triển mới.Trung Quốc luôn có
niềm tin vào Châu Âu và đồng tiền chung Châu Âu, bằng cách thức của
mình, chúng tôi luôn ủng hộ tài chính tiền tệ Châu Âu và đồng Euro ổn
định; Trung Quốc sẵn sàng tiếp tục đầu tư vào Châu Âu, hướng tới mục
đích cùng có lợi, cùng thắng./.
Theo Fmprc (ngày 07/03)
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