| 2012/03/07 |
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Công tác đối ngoại của Trung quốc năm 2012
Nguồn: http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/zxxx/t911854.htm  Foreign Minister Yang: Good morning, friends from the press. It's a great pleasure to meet you here. Premier Wen Jiabao has outlined China's foreign policy and foreign relations in his Report on the Work of the Government. Now I'm ready to take your questions. CCTV and CNTV: Much has changed in the international situation over the past ten years, and China's diplomacy has encountered many challenges and tests. How do you see China's diplomatic work over the past ten years? Moreover, we have seen confrontation and conflicts between some countries. Under such circumstances, what do you think are the new challenges confronting China's diplomacy and how do you see China's diplomacy this year? Foreign Minister Yang: I think it is very meaningful that we start today's questions and answers from reviewing China's diplomatic work over the past ten years, as a review of the past offers one insight into the future. The past ten years have been a decade when the world has undergone major development, major changes and major adjustments. It has also been a decade when China's diplomacy has forged ahead and made abundant results. Over the past ten years, under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as General Secretary, China's diplomacy has firmly served the overall interests of China's development. We have properly handled thorny issues and worked actively to open up new prospects for China's diplomatic work. China's diplomacy has fostered a sound external environment for China's economic and social development.  First, serve overall interests. To safeguard China's sovereignty and security has always been the overarching objective of all of China's diplomatic endeavors. Over the past ten years, China's diplomacy actively served the domestic economic and social development. We effectively protected the lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese nationals and companies, and defended China's sovereignty, security and development interests. Second, pursue cooperation. We enhanced friendly relations and cooperation with other countries in the world and regional and international organizations. We intensified exchanges with them in the political, economic and cultural fields and through both bilateral and multilateral channels. We opened up new dimensions for pursuing win-win cooperation. Third, advance reform. we actively participated in global governance and helped move the international system and international architecture in a direction that serves the interests of developing countries. We worked to raise the representation and influence of China and developing countries as a whole in international affairs. Fourth, enhance China's image. Through such platforms as overseas visits by Chinese leaders, receiving visits to China by foreign leaders, the Beijing Olympic Games and Shanghai World Expo, we engaged in dynamic public and cultural diplomacy, endeavored to enhance the friendship between Chinese people and people of other countries, and showed to the rest of the world a China that is culturally-advanced, democratic, open and making continuous progress. Fifth, make contribution to the world. We worked actively to uphold world peace and promote common development. China has played a constructive role in helping resolve regional and international hotspot issues, and China has become an important engine driving world economic growth. Our world today is undergoing profound and complex changes. The trend of our time towards peace, development and cooperation has gathered momentum. At the same time, the underlying impact of the international financial crisis is still with us. The world economic recovery lacks momentum, and global challenges such as climate change and energy and food security are still prominent. All these developments will exert major impact on the international situation and China's diplomatic work in the time to come. This year, we will continue to advance our all-dimensional diplomacy at multiple tiers and in a wide range of fields. We will continue to take into account both the domestic and international situations, make continuous innovation in our diplomatic practices and theories, and make active contribution to the successful opening of the 18th National Congress of the CPC and full implementation of the 12th Five-Year Plan.  First, serve China's domestic development. We will properly handle the external risks and challenges, and create more favorable conditions for China's economic and social development to serve the primary goal of shifting China's growth model at a faster pace. Second, uphold peace. We will continue to firmly defend China's sovereignty and security, stand for handling and resolving regional and international issues, in particular, those hotspot ones through dialogue, consultation and negotiation, and play a responsible role as a big country. Third, promote cooperation. We will enhance our friendly relations and cooperation with other countries and regional and international organizations. We will work with them to deepen common interests, meet global challenges and safeguard world peace and promote common development.  RIA
Novosti: Minister Yang, how do you comment on the recently held
presidential election in Russia? What considerations does the Chinese
side have for the further development of the China-Russia strategic
partnership of coordination? This year, China will be the rotating
president of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and play host to the
2012 SCO summit. Can you tell us some of China's considerations about
the summit? And what expectations does the Chinese side have for the
future development of the SCO?The Chinese government is prepared to work closely with the Russian side to deepen the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination between the two countries and enhance practical cooperation between the two sides in all fields. As far as the China-Russia relationship this year is concerned, it can be summed up as "one central task" and "five priorities". The one central task is to fully implement the plan for the development of China-Russia relations in the next ten years. The five priorities are: First, ensure the success of high-level contacts and mutual visits this year. Second, increase mutual political support. Third, intensify practical cooperation between the two countries in such fields as economy and trade, energy, science and technology, infrastructure as well as at the local level. Fourth, step up cultural and people-to-people exchanges. In particular, we need to work together to ensure the success of the Year of Russian Tourism in China. And fifth, enhance cooperation in regional and international affairs. We are confident that with the joint efforts of the two countries, the comprehensive strategic partnership of coordination will achieve even greater results. This year is the year of good-neighborly relations of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. It is also the first year for the development of the SCO in its second decade. China will play host to the SCO summit this year. The theme of the summit this year is to deepen good-neighborly relations and plan the future of the SCO. There are three main items on the agenda of the summit. The first is to discuss measures for enhancing friendly relations and cooperation under the SCO framework, and formulate a strategy on the development of the organization in the next ten years. Second, plan the next stage of practical cooperation of the SCO, in particular the establishment of institutional safeguards for the financing of multilateral cooperation. Third, there will be an exchange of views on regional and international situations, with a focus on improving the SCO measures in coping with situations that pose threats to regional peace, stability and security. We believe that the SCO summit this year will help build on past progress and open up new prospects for the future development of the organization. With respect to the future of the SCO, I believe all the parties concerned will make better use of the advantage of geographical proximity and work together to enhance cooperation for regional security and stability and strengthen regional connectivity and people-to-people exchanges so as to bring more benefits to their people.  Wall
Street Journal: Minister Yang, does China regard the recent US
strategic shift towards Asia as a threat? And if so, what
countermeasures does China plan against that threat? More broadly, given
the range of tensions now between China and the US over Iran, Syria and
many other issues, what steps should the two countries be taking to
establish more trust?Foreign Minister Yang: I believe it is necessary that we first look at the big picture of China-US ties. This year marks the 40th anniversary of the issuance of China-US Shanghai Communiqué. Over the past 40 years, China-US relations have forged ahead in spite of some twists and turns, and the door of exchange and cooperation between the two countries has become more wide open. The engagement between China and the United States has shown that a peaceful China-US relationship benefits both countries, while a confrontational one harms both. To sustain the sound and steady development of China-US relationship is the common responsibility of the two countries. It also meets the fundamental interest of the international community. There are some differences and disagreements between China and the United States. But on the whole this relationship has been moving forward, not backward. Last year, President Hu Jintao paid a successful state visit to the United States. During the visit, he and President Obama reached important agreement that the two countries will work together to build a China-US cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. Since then, President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao have had several important meetings with President Obama. Last month, Vice President Xi Jinping paid a successful visit to the US. That has given a strong boost to the building of China-US cooperative partnership. In handling China-US relations, we always believe that the two sides should view and handle this bilateral relationship from a strategic and long-term perspective. They should always work closely together to build a China-US cooperative partnership. We believe the two sides should always adhere to the principles set out in the three Sino-US Joint Communiqués and China-US Joint Statement, and truly respect each other's core interests and major concerns. In particular, the US side needs to honor its commitment and carefully and properly handle Taiwan and Tibet-related issues that concern China's core interests. I believe the two countries should continue to intensify exchanges and coordination through such platforms as high-level mutual visits and contacts and the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogues. The two countries should work together to increase mutual strategic trust, remove various disturbances and open up new prospects for such two big countries as China and the US to embrace healthy interaction and win-win cooperation. China and the United States have more converging interests in the Asia-Pacific region than anywhere else in the world. What is the trend in this part of the world? In my view, the trend of peace, development and cooperation is going strong in this region. It meets people's will and it is unstoppable. We believe all countries in the world, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. All roads from China lead to the Asia-Pacific and the whole world. China is ready to work with other countries to build a more equal and harmonious world. We hope that all countries concerned will work together for peace, stability, development and prosperity of this region. We hope to see and welcome a constructive role by the United States in this region. At the same time, we hope the US side will respect China's interests and concerns. We are ready to work with the United States and other countries in this region to develop an Asia-Pacific region that enjoys greater stability and development. China and the United States have stayed in close communication on the issue of Syria and the issue of Iran. Peace, stability and development in the Middle East region serves the fundamental interests of both people in that region and the international community. This is the overarching purpose and end goal in our dealing with relevant issues in the Middle East. You mentioned Syria and Iran. Let me now say a few words about Iran. On the Iranian nuclear issue, we are opposed to the development and possession of nuclear weapons by any country in the Middle East, including Iran. At the same time, we believe that all countries, while fulfilling their obligations, have the right to peaceful use of nuclear energy. We believe that this issue should be properly handled and resolved though dialogue not confrontation, through cooperation not sanctions. We are opposed to imposing unilateral sanctions. And we believe that the majority of countries in the world take such a position. At the same time, we place high importance on the mechanism of consultation and negotiation between the P5 plus one and Iran. China and the United States are among the P5 plus one countries. Under the framework of this mechanism, China has stayed in close communication and coordination with the United States, Russia, the EU, and other members concerned. We hope to see early holding of the next round of dialogue under this mechanism so as to push forward the process of seeking a proper settlement of the Iranian nuclear issue. China National Radio: We have noted that since the end of last year, there have been close mutual visits and interactions between China and its neighbors at the leadership level. Yet some people take the view that the disputes between China and some of its neighboring countries over territorial sovereignty and maritime rights and interests have heated up. And some countries are increasingly worried about China's national strength and its diplomatic posturing. How do you evaluate China's relations with its neighbors and how will China handle and resolve the disputes it has with some of its neighbors? Foreign Minister Yang: I believe one should view China's relationship with its neighboring countries in the broader context of the general trend of development. I believe now the general trend is a positive one. China pursues a policy of building good-neighborly relationships and partnerships with countries in its neighborhood. We are committed to deepening the mutually beneficial cooperation with other Asian countries. Relations between China and other Asian countries are in good shape, and there are a lot of positive factors. First, there have been close high-level exchanges. Last year, there were high level mutual visits between China and the majority of other Asian countries. Take ASEAN countries as an example. There were over 50 high-level mutual visits between the Chinese side and the ASEAN countries. High-level exchanges have played an irreplaceable role in guiding the efforts of China and other Asian countries in increasing mutual understanding and friendship. Second, the interests of China and other Asian countries have become more closely entwined. Just now you said that some countries are worried about China's rising national strength. But I am afraid their worry is that what if China's development becomes too slow. I have visited some Asian countries recently. I feel that the Asian countries want to see the sustained, positive momentum of the Chinese economy. And they hope that China will enjoy continuous development as that will bring abundant benefits to people of the two sides in terms of business cooperation and mutually beneficial cooperation in other fields. When there are so many benefits, why not do it? This world is far from a balanced one. Some have megaphones, some only small microphones and some none. Yet I always believe that the real figures speaker louder than microphones. China has become the biggest trading partner of the majority of its neighbors. Last year, trade between China and other Asian countries topped US$1 trillion. China's investment in the Asian region approached US$20 billion. Cooperation between China and other Asian countries in science and technology, finance, energy and infrastructure has been unprecedented in terms of both breadth and depth. Third, mutual coordination has increased. China and other Asian countries have helped each other and worked closely together in handling major regional and international issues, pushing forward regional cooperation and tackling the international financial crisis and major natural disasters. Forth, there have been dynamic cultural and people-to-people exchanges. Last year, China and many other Asian countries held such cultural and people-to-people exchange activities as Year of Friendship and youth festival. These activities have witnessed the deep friendship between the Chinese people and people of other Asian countries. It is true that there are some differences and disagreements between China and some of its neighboring countries over some issues. China believes that these disputes should be peacefully handled and resolved through dialogue and consultation. At the same time, we hope that the relevant parties will respect China's legitimate rights and interests, avoid making remarks or taking moves that may complicate the situation and work with China for stability, development and progress in the Asian region. We believe that progress has already been made in handling these differences between China and the relevant Asian countries. And the two sides have reached important consensus on seeking peaceful settlement of related disputes and pushing forward mutually beneficial cooperation. Let me say a few words about the South China Sea issue here. China always believes that the disputes in the South China Sea should be properly resolved through negotiations between the parties to the disputes on the basis of facts and in accordance with the basic norms governing international relations. Pending final settlement of the disputes, the parties concerned may put aside their disputes and engage in joint development. China and the relevant countries have reached important agreement on peacefully resolving disputes and pushing forward practical cooperation in the South China Sea. At the same time, much remains to be done in this regard. China and ASEAN countries have reached agreement on the guidelines on the implementation of the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea. In a word, we believe that China and relevant countries have the ability and wisdom to properly handle the South China Sea issue and maintain peace and stability in the South China Sea. Xinhua News Agency: Minister Yang, just now you reviewed China's diplomacy in the past ten years. My question is a forward-looking one. What major changes do you think will take place in our world in the next ten years and what role will China play? Foreign Minister Yang: The next ten years will be a very important decade for China's peaceful development. We will mark the centenary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. We will meet our objective of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. At the same time, I want to point out that to judge the overall economic strength of a country, one should look at not just one particular indicator but a whole system of indicators, not just one aggregate number but several structural numbers. China will remain a developing country, and there is still a long way to go before China can achieve modernization. We have full confidence that we will meet our goal. We also have an objective judgment of the situation and our road ahead. China will neither belittle itself nor seek to lecture others. I believe the next ten years will be a decade when fast changes will take place in the international architecture and major trends will develop rapidly in the world. It will also be a decade when all the parties engage in close interactions and pursue stability and improved governance in the midst of changes. The following major trends deserve particular attention: First, the momentum of pursuing development will gather steam. All parties will pay closer attention to shifting their growth models at a faster pace and they will endeavor to develop and enhance their new advantages as they participate in international economic cooperation and competition in an age of economic globalization. Second, the trend towards a multi-polar world will become clearer. The overall strength of developing countries will be on the rise and there will be greater balance in the distribution of international power. Third, the competition and cooperation surrounding reform of the international system will get stronger. The parties will seek to exert bigger influence on the adjustment and shift of the international rules and international order. And reform of international governance and the current international system will move ahead steadily. Fourth, regional and international hotspot issues and global challenges will become more prominent. Some hotspot issues will continue to heat up. Such global challenges as climate change, energy, resource and food security and terrorism will persist. And countries will become more interdependent with their interests more closely entwined. I believe under such circumstances the idea of sticking together in tough times to tide over the difficulties will gain stronger popular support. In the next ten years, the favorable and unfavorable factors in the external environment of China are interwoven. Risks and difficulties, favorable conditions and positive trends are the two sides of a coin. There are both opportunities and challenges. And on the whole, we believe that for China, opportunities outweigh challenges and the country is still at an important stage of strategic opportunities for development. China will remain committed to the independent foreign policy of peace, the path of peaceful development and a win-win strategy of opening-up. We will continue to work with other countries to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. We believe that all countries should embrace win-win cooperation. This means that while pursuing one's own interests, one also needs to take into account the interests of other countries; while enjoying one's rights, one should also fulfill its responsibilities. Countries need to accommodate each other and work together to uphold justice and expand common interests. We believe that all countries should work together to make the international order more just and equitable and to usher in a better future for the world.  PTI:
I would like to ask you about the impact of the rapid development of
emerging economies and many developing countries on the global arena. I
think this question is relevant because the BRICS summit is coming up
this month and I would like to know what exactly is coming upon the
agenda and focus of the BRICS summit and how China views it. You just
concluded a visit to India, had extensive discussions with the Indian
leadership, and signed interesting agreements on maritime cooperation.
I'd like you to give us a broader picture of where India-China
relationship stands today and with regard to various differences that
the two countries have on a number of issues. Foreign Minister Yang: The rapid development of a large number of emerging market economies and developing countries in today's world is very conducive to making our international order more just and equitable. Last year, the third BRICS Leaders Meeting was successfully held in Sanya, Hainan of China and I believe the upcoming fourth BRICS summit will be crowned with success. China hopes that the upcoming BRICS summit will achieve important results in three areas. First, boost growth. We hope that the summit will help enhance people's confidence in world economic growth and add new impetus to world economic recovery. Second, promote stability. We hope that the summit will bring out the active and constructive role of BRICS countries in international affairs and promote the relaxation and stability of regional situation. Third, enhance cooperation. We hope that the summit will help push forward the practical cooperation among the BRICS countries in economy, finance and other fields, and bring real benefits to people of the BRICS countries and people of the world. Not long ago, I visited India. The purpose of my visit is to make preparations for the attendance of the fourth BRICS summit by the Chinese leader and to push forward China-India relations. I feel that both China and India want to see continuous, sound and steady growth of their bilateral relationship and they want to enhance exchange, increase mutual trust and expand cooperation. I had a thorough exchange of views and a meeting of minds with my Indian counterpart, the foreign minister, on a series of aspects, including maintaining the momentum of high-level exchanges between the two countries, advancing China-India practical cooperation in all fields and intensifying personnel interflow and cultural exchanges between the two sides. We believe that we need to do all specific work well in implementing the important agreement reached at the leadership level, including conducting consultations between the two sides on maritime security and working together to ensure peace and tranquility in the China-India border areas. Nihon Keizai Shimbun: This year marks the 40th anniversary of the normalization of diplomatic ties between China and Japan. How do you comment on the current China-Japan relationship? What considerations does China have for the further development of China-Japan relations? Given the fact that there are some sensitive issues between the two countries, how do you think to increase the strategic mutual trust between the two countries and improve the national sentiments between people of the two countries? Moreover, this year China is the coordinator of the cooperation among China, Japan and the ROK. How does China comment on the trilateral cooperation? Foreign Minister Yang: Over the past 40 years since China and Japan normalized their diplomatic relations, China-Japan relationship has come a long way in a wide range of fields. The Chinese government places high importance on its relationship with Japan. We believe that the two sides need to continue to enhance mutual political trust in line with the principles enshrined in the four political documents between China and Japan, expand practical cooperation in all fields, improve national sentiments between people of the two countries and push forward the development of China-Japan strategic relationship of mutual benefit. With respect to the sensitive issues between China and Japan, such as the history issue and the issue of Diaoyu Islands, we hope the Japanese side will fully recognize the complexity and sensitivity of these issues. These issues concern the political foundation and overall interests of China-Japan relations. The Japanese side should truly take history as a mirror and look forward to the future, and properly handle these sensitive issues in keeping with the overall interests of its relationship with China. I also believe it is necessary for us to talk about how to increase the mutual strategic trust and improve the national sentiments between people of the two sides. To enhance mutual strategic trust between China and Japan, I believe it is crucial that both sides view each other's development from the right, objective and strategic perspective, and truly see each other as an opportunity and partner for development. During President Hu Jintao's visit to Japan in 2008, the two sides issued the fourth political document between China and Japan and reached the important political agreement that the two countries are each other's cooperation partner, they don't pose a threat to each other and that they will support each other's peaceful development. I believe if such political agreement can be truly implemented in our exchanges, the mutual trust between the two countries will deepen. I believe to improve the national sentiments between people of the two countries involves efforts in a wide range of fields. It requires that both sides take a long term perspective and intensify exchanges at various levels, in particular the exchanges between young people of the two countries, so that more people of the two countries are engaged in the cause of friendship. This year, China is the coordinator of the China-Japan-ROK cooperation mechanism. Premier Wen Jiabao will hold, with leaders from Japan and the ROK, the fifth trilateral leaders' meeting in China. We want to work with Japan and the ROK to deepen practical cooperation, promote cultural and people-to-people exchanges and exchange views on regional and international issues. We believe the parties should enhance the building of the China-Japan-ROK FTA and work together to push forward their future-oriented, all-dimensional partnership for cooperation.  China
News Service: Minister Yang, how do you see the current situation on
the Korean Peninsula? We have seen that the relevant parties have had
some contact and interaction since last year surrounding the restart of
the Six-Party Talks. How you look at the prospects of the resumption of
the Six-Party Talks? The second Nuclear Security Summit will soon be
held in Seoul. What expectations does the Chinese side have?Foreign Minister Yang: It serves the common interests of all parties concerned and meets the aspiration of the international community to uphold peace and security on the Korean Peninsula, achieve the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and normalization of relations between relevant countries, and build a peace and security mechanism for Northeast Asia. The Six-Party Talks has become an effective mechanism and important platform for discussing and resolving the above-mentioned issues. Over the past weeks and months, various parties have engaged in positive interactions and contacts. As the chair of the Six-Party Talks, China has stayed in close touch with other relevant parties. We have always encouraged dialogue in pursuit of peaceful settlement of relavant issues and our work has achieved some important results. At the same time, we welcome dialogue and contact between the relevant parties. For example, not long ago, there was dialogue between the DPRK and the United States and positive progress has been made. We welcome that. We hope all the parties concerned will pool their wisdom, remove disturbances and work together to play a constructive role in advancing the Six-Party process and achieving the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and lasting peace and stability in Northeast Asia. The second Nuclear Security Summit will be held in Seoul late this month. The Chinese leader will attend the summit. During the summit, there will be discussions on enhancing the security of nuclear materials and nuclear facilities and guarding against nuclear terrorism. I also believe that with the joint efforts of all the participants, the summit will also set out new, concrete measures related to nuclear security. That can help further build up international consensus on nuclear security and inject new dynamism into related international effort.  Phoenix
TV: My question is about the situation in Syria. China has always stood
for a peaceful and political settlement of the Syrian issue, but the
situation in Syria now is not an optimistic one. How does China see the
future development of this issue and will China's position and views on
this issue in any way affect its relationship with the Arab countries? Foreign Minister Yang: It is true that major changes are taking place in the Middle East region. We firmly believe that people in the Middle East know best the situation there, issues in the Middle East region should be resolved by the people of the Middle East, and the future and destiny of the region should be determined by the people there. Over the years, China has been a firm supporter of the just cause of the Arab countries and their people. The two sides have forged a deep friendship, and there are no historical grievances between the two sides. What the two sides have is expanding common interests and the consensus of working together to uphold peace and promote development. Even the ten fingers can not be of the same length. It is true that China and some Arab countries may sometimes differ in specific ways of action, but the two sides have the same overall objective of promoting stability, development and prosperity in the Middle East region. Cooperation between China and Arab countries is comprehensive and strategic, and the friendship and cooperation between the two sides can stand the test of changing international circumstances. On the issue of Syria, as you know, not long ago,a leading official of the Chinese Foreign Ministry made a statement on this issue. He set out China's six-point proposition and proposal on handling and resolving the issue of Syria. Chinese leaders have made clear China's views on this issue on several occasions. Chinese Foreign Ministry officials are also in contact with the relevant parties. I myself have talked on the phone or face-to-face with the relevant parties. The fact is that the international community has paid very high attention to the position, proposition and initiative of the Chinese side on this issue, in particular the recent statement made by the leading official of the Chinese Foreign Ministry. And our position and view on this issue have received increasing understanding and support.  La
Agencia EFE, S.A.: Has the Euro a future? Does the euro zone crisis
offer a good opportunity of investment? Or should instead China spend
their money in its internal development?And finally Minister, how do you
evaluate the relations between China and European countries?Foreign Minister Yang: Not long ago, the China-EU Summit was held and important progress was made at the summit. In my view, China-EU relationship has bright prospects. We believe that although the euro zone has encountered some difficulties, the European Union and the European countries have the ability and wisdom to overcome the current difficulties, resolve their debt issue and make new progress along the course of development. We always have confidence in the EU and the euro zone, and we have supported the EU's efforts in stabilizing the financial situation through our own ways. We will continue to make investment in Europe and the euro to achieve mutual benefit. People's Daily: In recent years, the relationship between China and African countries has received wide international attention. How do you evaluate the current China-Africa relationship and cooperation? Some people say that China's influence in Africa is increasing. What role has China been playing in African affairs? Foreign Minister Yang: We feel privileged and we are seized by a strong sense of responsibility that the African people have chosen China as their partner for sincere cooperation. China is a developing country, and China wants to work with African countries to build a bright future. Some say that China's influence in Africa is on the rise. I think we should say that the consensus of the international community that African countries face enormous opportunities for development is on the rise. I believe the international community should actively support Africa's peace and development cause, actively support African countries in seeking self-enhancement through unity and independently resolving African issues, actively support African countries in strengthening their own capability for development, and actively support African countries in safeguarding their own rights and interests and playing a bigger role in international affairs. The press conference lasted an hour and 45 minutes. More than 500 journalists from home and abroad attended the press conference.
Một số nội dung
trong bài trả lời phỏng vấn báo chí của Bộ trưởng Ngoại giao Trung Quốc
Dương Khiết Trì về chính sách và quan hệ đối ngoại của Trung Quốc, bên
lề Kỳ họp thứ 5 Quốc hội Trung Quốc khoá 11 hôm 6/3.
(1) Quan hệ với láng giềng: giải quyết tranh chấp bằng đàm phán
Phóng viên Đài Tiếng nói Trung ương Trung Quốc: Ông đánh giá thế nào về quan hệ Trung Quốc với các nước láng giềng?
Dương Khiết Trì:
Nhìn vào quan hệ giữa Trung Quốc với các nước láng giềng, tôi cho rằng
chúng ta cần phải nhìn vào xu thế phát triển, xu thế căn bản của quan hệ
này hiện nay là tốt. Thế giới này là một thế giới rất không cân bằng,
có người thì giữ chiếc micro lớn, có người chỉ có chiếc micro nhỏ, có
người lại không có micro, nhưng tôi luôn cho rằng những con số quan
trọng hơn là chiếc micro. Trung Quốc đã trở thành đối tác thương mại lớn
nhất của hầu hết các nước láng giềng, tổng kim ngạch thương mại năm
2011 của Trung Quốc với các nước Châu Á đã đạt trên 1.000 tỷ USD, tổng
đầu tư của Trung Quốc tại khu vực Châu Á đạt gần 20 tỷ USD. Đối với
những mâu thuẫn và bất đồng giữa Trung Quốc với một số nước láng giềng,
Trung Quốc sẵn sàng giải quyết một cách hòa bình thông qua đối thoại và
hiệp thương. Ở đây tôi muốn đặc biệt nhấn mạnh vấn đề Biển Đông, Trung
Quốc nhất quán chủ trương lấy sự thực làm cơ sở. Dựa trên các chuẩn mực
cơ bản của quan hệ quốc tế, các nước trực tiếp liên quan sẽ giải quyết
thỏa đáng tranh chấp Biển Đông thông qua đàm phán hữu nghị. Trước khi
tranh chấp được giải quyết, có thể thực hiện “gác tranh chấp, cùng khai
thác”; Trung Quốc và các nước liên quan đã đạt được một loạt nhận thức
chung quan trọng về giải quyết hòa bình tranh chấp và thúc đẩy hợp tác
thiết thực tại Biển Đông, tuy nhiên cũng còn rất nhiều việc phải làm.
(2) Quan hệ Trung – Mỹ: Khu vực Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương là nơi tập trung giao thoa lợi ích
Phóng
viên Nhật báo Phố Wall: Có phải Trung Quốc xem việc Mỹ chuyển hướng
trọng tâm chiến lược vào Châu Á là một mối đe dọa đối với Trung Quốc?
Nếu đúng như vậy thì Trung Quốc sẽ dùng biện pháp gì để chống lại sự đe
dọa này? Ngoài ra, với những căng thẳng trong một loạt vấn đề như Iran,
Syria và nhiều vấn đề khác, Trung - Mỹ cần có biện pháp gì để làm sâu
sắc tin cậy?
Dương Khiết Trì:
Tôi cho rằng mặc dù giữa Trung Quốc và Mỹ tồn tại nhiều mâu thuẫn và
bất đồng, nhưng xu thế phát triển về tổng thể vẫn là tiến lên chứ không
thụt lùi. Khi xử lý quan hệ Trung - Mỹ, chúng tôi luôn cho rằng cần phải
kiên trì tầm cao chiến lược và tầm nhìn xa trông rộng để xử lý quan hệ
song phương; cần nắm chắc phương hướng lớn quan hệ đối tác hợp tác giữa
hai nước. Hai bên cần trước sau như một kiên trì các nguyên tắc đã nêu
trong 03 thông cáo chung Trung – Mỹ và Tuyên bố chung Trung – Mỹ; hết
sức tôn trọng lợi ích cốt lõi và những quan ngại lớn của bên kia. Phía
Mỹ đặc biệt cần giữ đúng cam kết, xử lý thận trọng và thỏa đáng những
vấn đề liên quan đến lợi ích cốt lõi của Trung Quốc như Đài Loan, Tây
Tạng v.v.. Tôi cho rằng hai bên cần tiếp tục làm sâu sắc sự trao đổi và
điều phối, thông qua các hoạt động trao đổi đoàn cấp cao, các kênh tiếp
xúc như đối thoại kinh tế và chiến lược…, tăng cường tin cậy chiến lược,
xây dựng cục diện quan hệ nước lớn tốt đẹp, hợp tác cùng thắng.
Khu
vực Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương là nơi tập trung giao thoa lợi ích của
Trung Quốc và Mỹ. Tình hình và xu thế tổng thể của khu vực này hiện nay
theo tôi là “mong muốn hòa bình, tìm kiếm phát triển, thúc đẩy hợp tác”.
Trong cộng đồng quốc tế, Trung Quốc với các quốc gia khác, bất luận là
nước lớn hay nước nhỏ, nước mạnh hay nước yếu, nước giàu hay nước nghèo,
cũng đều là một thành viên bình đẳng. Mọi con đường của Trung Quốc đều
hướng về Châu Thái Bình Dương, đều hướng ra thế giới.Tôi cho rằng các
bên liên quan đều cần ra sức nỗ lực cho hòa bình, ổn định và phát triển
phồn vinh ở khu vực Châu Á – Thái Bình Dương. Trung Quốc hy vọng và hoan
nghênh Mỹ phát huy vai trò mang tính xây dựng ở khu vực này. Đương
nhiên, cũng hy vọng Mỹ tôn trọng những lợi ích và quan ngại của Trung
Quốc.Trong vấn đề Syria và Iran, Trung - Mỹ đang duy trì sự liên lạc
thông suốt và chặt chẽ. Tóm lại, khu vực Trung Đông hòa bình, ổn định và
phát triển không chỉ phù hợp với lợi ích căn bản của người dân khu vực
Trung Đông, mà đồng thời cũng phù hợp với lợi ích căn bản của cộng đồng
quốc tế.
(3) Quan hệ Trung – Nga: tăng cường toàn diện hợp tác thiết thực
Phóng
viên: Ông có bình luận gì về cuộc bầu cử Tổng thống vừa diễn ra tại
Nga? Trung Quốc có cân nhắc thế nào về quan hệ đối tác hiệp tác chiến
lược Trung - Nga trong thời gian tới?
Dương Khiết Trì:
Chúng tôi được biết, cuộc bầu cử Tổng thống tại Nga đã diễn ra thuận
lợi vào ngày 04/3 vừa qua. Chủ tịch Hồ Cẩm Đào đã có điện chúc mừng tân
Tổng thống đắc cử Putin. Chính phủ Trung Quốc sẽ kiên trì cùng với phía
Nga thúc đẩy quan hệ đối tác hiệp tác chiến lược Trung - Nga, tăng cường
toàn diện hợp tác thiết thực giữa hai nước. Quan hệ Trung – Nga năm nay
có thể khái quát bằng “01 trung tâm, 05 trọng điểm”.“Một trung tâm” là
quán triệt thực hiện toàn diện quy hoạch 10 năm phát triển quan hệ Trung
– Nga; “05 trọng điểm” là: (i) làm tốt các chuyến thăm và tiếp xúc cấp
cao trong năm nay; (ii) mở rộng sự ủng hộ lẫn nhau về chính trị; (iii)
tăng cường thêm một bước hợp tác cùng có lợi trên các mặt kinh tế mậu
dịch, tài nguyên năng lượng, khoa học kỹ thuật, cơ sở hạ tầng; (iv) tăng
cường giao lưu nhân văn, đặc biệt là cần tổ chức tốt “Năm du lịch nước
Nga 2012”; (v) thắt chặt hợp tác giữa hai nước trong các công tác khu
vực và quốc tế.
(4) Quan hệ Trung – Nhật: tăng cường tình cảm nhân dân
Phóng
viên báo Yomiuri Shimbun: Giữa Nhật Bản và Trung Quốc có một số vấn đề
nhạy cảm. Trong tình hình đó, ông cho rằng cần làm gì để mở rộng tin cậy
chiến lược Trung – Nhật, cải thiện tình cảm nhân dân hai nước?
Dương Khiết Trì: Chúng
tôi hy vọng phía Nhật Bản sẽ hết sức nhận thức được tính chất phức tạp
và nhạy cảm của những vấn đề tồn tại trong quan hệ Trung - Nhật, như vấn
đề lịch sử và đảo Điếu Ngư. Những vấn đề này có liên quan đến nền tảng
chính trị và đại cục quan hệ hai nước. Tôi cho rằng phía Nhật Bản cần
thực sự lấy lịch sử làm gương, hướng tới tương lai, thiết thực lấy đại
cục quan hệ hai nước làm xuất phát điểm, xử lý tốt những vấn đề nhạy cảm
trong quan hệ hai nước. Tôi cũng thực sự cho rằng cần phải bàn đến việc
làm thế nào để nâng cao tin cậy chiến lược và cải thiện tình cảm giữa
nhân dân hai nước. Mấu chốt của việc nâng cao tin cậy Trung – Nhật là
cần nhìn nhận khách quan và đúng đắn trên phương diện chiến lược về sự
phát triển của bên kia, thực sự coi sự phát triển của bên kia là cơ hội,
coi bên kia là đối tác phát triển. Năm 2008, khi Chủ tịch Hồ Cẩm Đào
thăm Nhật Bản, lãnh đạo cấp cao hai nước đã tuyên bố văn kiện chính trị
Trung – Nhật thứ tư; đã đạt được nhận thức chung quan trọng về việc hai
nước “là đối tác hợp tác của nhau, không tạo thành mối đe dọa lẫn nhau”,
“ủng hộ sự phát triển hòa bình của bên kia”… Biến những nhận thức chung
này thành hành động cụ thể sẽ giúp sự tin cậy giữa hai bên không ngừng
đi vào chiều sâu. Tôi cho rằng tăng cường tình cảm giữa nhân dân hai
nước là một công trình mang tính hệ thống, cả hai bên đều cần phải có
tầm nhìn xa trông rộng, làm việc nhiều tầng nấc, đặc biệt là cần làm tốt
công tác giao lưu thanh niên, làm cho ngày càng nhiều người tham gia
vào sự nghiệp hữu nghị giữa hai nước.
(5) Quan hệ Trung Quốc – EU: Trung Quốc sẵn sàng tiếp tục đầu tư vào Châu Âu
Phóng
viên thông tấn xã Tây Ban Nha (EFE): Theo ông đồng Euro liệu còn có
tương lai hay không? Nỗ lực giải quyết vấn đề nợ công Châu Âu liệu có
mang lại cho Trung Quốc cơ hội đầu tư hay không? Ngoại trưởng đánh giá
thế nào về quan hệ Trung Quốc – EU hiện nay?
Dương Khiết Trì: Lãnh
đạo Trung Quốc và Châu Âu mới đây đã có cuộc gặp gỡ và đã đạt được kết
quả quan trọng, Tôi cho rằng tương lai phát triển của quan hệ Trung Quốc
– EU là hết sức tươi sáng. Đồng tiền chung Châu Âu mặc dù đã trải qua
không ít khó khăn, nhưng chúng tôi tin tưởng rằng Châu Âu và đồng Euro
có đủ năng lực và trí tuệ để vượt qua khó khăn tạm thời, giải quyết tốt
vấn đề nợ công, đón nhận tương lai phát triển mới.Trung Quốc luôn có
niềm tin vào Châu Âu và đồng tiền chung Châu Âu, bằng cách thức của
mình, chúng tôi luôn ủng hộ tài chính tiền tệ Châu Âu và đồng Euro ổn
định; Trung Quốc sẵn sàng tiếp tục đầu tư vào Châu Âu, hướng tới mục
đích cùng có lợi, cùng thắng./.
Theo Fmprc (ngày 07/03)
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Thứ Năm, 15 tháng 3, 2012
5. Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi Answers Questions from Domestic and Overseas Journalists on China's Foreign Policy and External Relations
